According to the World Health Organization (WHO), every year, 15 million people worldwide suffer from stroke. Of these, 5 million die and another 5 million become permanently disabled putting a strain on families and communities.
Strokes are sudden, potentially life-altering events that demand immediate attention.
Understanding the different types of strokes and their warning signals can be crucial in seeking immediate medical attention, potentially saving lives and preventing long-term damage.
What is a stroke?
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CDC explains that stroke, also known as a brain attack, occurs when something prevents blood flow to a portion of the brain or when a blood artery in the brain breaks.
In either situation, regions of the brain suffer damage or die. A stroke can result in permanent brain damage, long-term disability, or death.
What are the types of stroke?
Here are the different types of strokes and the signs to watch out for:
1. Ischemic Stroke
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What it is: This is the most common type of stroke, occurring when a blood clot blocks a blood vessel supplying blood to the brain.
Warning Signs:
- Sudden numbness or weakness, particularly on one side of the body.
- Difficulty speaking or understanding speech.
- Vision problems in one or both eyes.
- Severe headache with no known cause.
- Trouble walking or loss of balance and coordination.
2. Hemorrhagic Stroke
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What it is: Unlike an ischemic stroke, this type occurs when a weakened blood vessel ruptures and bleeds into the surrounding brain tissue.
Warning Signs:
- Sudden and severe headache, often described as the worst headache of one’s life.
- Nausea and vomiting.
- Changes in mental status, such as confusion or unconsciousness.
- Weakness or numbness, usually on one side of the body.
- Seizures.
3. Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
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What it is: Commonly known as a “mini-stroke,” a TIA is a temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain, often resolving within minutes to hours.
Warning Signs:
- Temporary weakness or numbness, usually on one side of the body.
- Temporary loss of vision, typically in one eye.
- Difficulty speaking or understanding speech.
- Brief episodes of confusion or dizziness.
- Momentary loss of balance or coordination.
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4. Cryptogenic Stroke
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What it is: This type of stroke occurs when the cause is unknown, even after extensive medical evaluation.
Warning Signs:
- Similar to those of ischemic strokes, including sudden numbness or weakness, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, vision problems, severe headache, and trouble walking.
5. Embolic Stroke
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What it is: An embolic stroke happens when a blood clot or other debris forms elsewhere in the body and travels to the brain, blocking a blood vessel.
Warning Signs:
- Sudden onset of symptoms, similar to those of ischemic strokes.
- Symptoms may vary depending on the location of the blocked blood vessel.
Regardless of the type, recognizing the warning signs of a stroke is crucial. Remember the acronym FAST:
- Face drooping: Is one side of the face drooping or numb?
- Arm weakness: Is one arm weak or numb? Ask the person to raise both arms.
- Speech difficulty: Is speech slurred or hard to understand? Ask the person to repeat a simple sentence.
- Time to call emergency services: If you observe any of these signs, it’s time to call for help immediately.
Conclusion
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Knowing these warning signs and acting promptly can make a significant difference in the outcome of a stroke. Always err on the side of caution and seek medical attention if you suspect a stroke, as early intervention can minimize damage and improve chances of recovery.